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strikeMay 13, 2026

Chinese-linked ships cross Strait of Hormuz on eve of Trump-Xi meeting

Summary

Chinese-linked ships cross Strait of Hormuz on eve of Trump-Xi meeting Multiple ships linked to China transited the Strait of Hormuz in the last 24 hours, coinciding with US President Donald Trump’s arrival in Beijing, where he says he plans to discuss the war on Iran with his Chinese counterpart. The most watched vessel is a Chinese supertanker carrying two million barrels of Iraqi crude. It sailed through the Strait of Hormuz on Wednesday before turning off its transponder somewhere in the Gulf of Oman, according to ship tracking data. Iran has tried to assert its authority over the Strait of Hormuz by imposing a toll on vessels, while the US has imposed its own blockade on ships linked to Iran or those that agree to pay Tehran for the right of transit. A day earlier, six other Chinese-linked vessels crossed the Strait of Hormuz, including five oil tankers and one known to carry Liquefied Petroleum Gas, according to open-source intelligence analysts citing maritime tracking data. It’s unclear whether the Chinese-linked vessels paid any toll to Iran, but Tehran previously accepted Chinese yuan as payment. New MEE newsletter: Jerusalem Dispatch Sign up to get the latest insights and analysis on Israel-Palestine, alongside Turkey Unpacked and other MEE newsletters Trump arrived in Beijing on Wednesday. He will start his two-day visit on Thursday, meeting his counterpart, Xi Jinping. Business and trade deals are at the top of the agenda for the leaders of the world’s two largest economies, but Iran will loom large in the background. Trump told reporters before leaving for Beijing that "we're going to have a long talk about [Iran]”, even as he insisted that he did not need Beijing’s help to strike a deal with the Islamic Republic. “We have a lot of things to discuss. I wouldn't say Iran is one of them, to be honest with you, because we have Iran very much under control," he added. China is the US’s only peer rival. The two are locked in competition over artificial intelligence, critical minerals and Taiwan. The US's failure to subdue Iran has been welcomed in China, and the emerging power has not just been sitting idle on the sidelines. Middle East Eye was the first to report that China provided air defence systems to Iran following its June 2025 conflict with Israel that culminated in the US attacking Iranian nuclear facilities. On the cusp of the February 2026 attack, China supplied Iran with kamikaze drones, MEE reported. The New York Times subsequently reported that shipments of Chinese shoulder-fired air defence systems to Iran took place in April. The Financial Times reported that Iran used a sophisticated Chinese satellite to target US military bases in the Gulf. But experts told MEE that Beijing would like to see a resolution to the conflict and the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz. “China and the US are aligned in opposing Iran having a nuclear weapons and seeing the Strait of Hormuz reopened,” Ahmed Aboudouh, an associate fellow at Chatham House and head of the China Studies research unit at the Emirates Policy Center, told MEE. China's top diplomat urged Pakistan to step up mediation efforts between Iran and the US, and to help "properly" address the reopening of the strait, Chinese state media said on Wednesday. "China will continue to support Pakistan's mediation efforts and make its own contribution toward this end,” Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Pakistani counterpart, Ishaq Dar, in a call on Tuesday, according to China’s state news agency Xinhua. Middle East Eye delivers independent and unrivalled coverage and analysis of the Middle East, North Africa and beyond. To learn more about republishing this content and the associated fees, please fill out this form. More about MEE can be found here.

Perspectives

Iranian Official

Iran has firmly asserted its sovereignty over the Strait of Hormuz by imposing legitimate tolls on transiting vessels, including multiple Chinese-linked tankers carrying Iraqi crude that crossed the waterway in recent days despite US pressure. This move directly counters American aggression and its illegal blockade targeting Iranian interests and those defying Washington's dictates, even as President Trump arrives in Beijing to discuss further hostile actions against the Islamic Republic. Such transits, with payments accepted in Chinese yuan, demonstrate the futility of foreign interference and Iran's resolute defense of its territorial waters.

Israeli

Multiple Chinese-linked tankers transited the Strait of Hormuz, with some likely remitting tolls to Iran in yuan, directly financing Tehran's nuclear program and its expanding proxy network of Hezbollah, Hamas, and Houthis that threaten Israel's survival. This coordinated maritime activity, timed with the Trump-Xi summit, exposes the existential danger of an Iran-China axis controlling a critical energy chokepoint and evading US sanctions. Israel must therefore maintain vigilant defensive postures and alliances to deter such hybrid threats to its security.

Neutral

Multiple vessels described as linked to China transited the Strait of Hormuz in the past 24 hours, according to ship-tracking data, including one supertanker carrying Iraqi crude that later deactivated its transponder. The transits coincided with the arrival of US President Donald Trump in Beijing for scheduled meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Iran has required toll payments for passage through the strait, while the United States has restricted vessels paying such fees; whether the recent vessels made payments remains unconfirmed.

Western

Multiple Chinese-linked vessels, including a supertanker carrying Iraqi crude that deactivated its transponder, transited the Strait of Hormuz in recent days, coinciding with US efforts to coordinate with Beijing on neutralizing Iranian threats during President Trump’s visit. These movements highlight attempts to evade US sanctions and Iranian toll demands, prompting precise allied monitoring to safeguard freedom of navigation and disrupt Tehran’s revenue streams. US enforcement actions remain focused on maintaining strategic control over the chokepoint and preventing destabilizing Iranian influence.

Pro-Peace

Amid escalating US blockades and Iranian tolls on Strait of Hormuz transits by Chinese-linked tankers, the standoff risks deepening humanitarian suffering for Iranian civilians already strained by sanctions, fuel shortages, and economic isolation. As Trump arrives in Beijing to discuss the war on Iran with Xi Jinping, the moment highlights the urgent priority of diplomatic negotiations over military enforcement, which historically inflates civilian casualties and regional instability.

Global South

Iran’s sovereign imposition of tolls on Strait of Hormuz transit directly confronts US neo-colonial blockades that seek to dictate energy routes vital to Global South economies. Chinese-linked tankers carrying Iraqi crude and LPG crossed the strait in the hours before Trump’s Beijing arrival, where discussions on Iran proceeded without reference to multilateral bodies or regional consent. Such great-power maneuvering exposes the persistent failure of international institutions to protect sovereign maritime rights against external coercion.

Actors involved

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Sources

  • MEE staffBy MEE staff

    Chinese-linked ships cross Strait of Hormuz on eve of Trump-Xi meeting Multiple ships linked to China transited the Strait of Hormuz in the last 24 hours, coinciding with US President Donald Trump’s arrival in Beijing, where he says he plans to discuss the war on Iran with his Ch

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DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Iran attacked a tanker in the Strait of Hormuz early Tuesday, forcing its crew to abandon the ship, while the United States conducted yet another round of airstrikes targeting the Islamic Republic as they struggle over control of the key waterway.

The 10 consecutive nights of U.S. airstrikes haven’t compelled Tehran to loosen its grip on the strait, through which about a fifth of all crude oil and natural gas traded once passed in peacetime. Even as the U.S. and Iran inch closer to all-out war again, Iran’s interior minister traveled to Pakistan, a key mediator in the conflict, for talks.

However, it remains unclear just what new deal could be reached to end the fighting. The interim deal signed last month that was meant to end the fighting has crumbled. Shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has largely stalled. And as fighting intensifies, both sides have targeted civilian infrastructure relied on by millions of people.

“Iran and groups supportive of Iran may target other U.S. interests overseas or at locations associated with the United States and Americans throughout the world,” the U.S. State Department said in a new warning to Americans. The escalation has pushed oil prices higher in recent weeks.

Benchmark Brent crude traded Tuesday above $88 a barrel and regular gasoline in the U.S. climbed to an average of $4 a gallon, keeping pressure on Americans’ wallets ahead of midterm elections this fall. Meanwhile, the U.S. military identified two soldiers who were killed in Jordan in attacks that left a third person missing.

Separately, the military confirmed another death in Iraq on Saturday during the “controlled detonation” of a downed Iranian drone. President Donald Trump took to social media on Monday to warn that “Every time Iran kills an American Soldier they will pay for that killing many times over!

” Trump was planning to attend a ceremony on Tuesday evening at Dover Air Force Base, where at least one service member’s remains were due to arrive. US strikes come as ships attacked The U.S. military’s Central Command said Tuesday it targeted “Iranian military command centers, maritime capabilities, missile and drone launch sites and air defense systems.

” It released more footage of bombings that targeted sites in Iran. “American forces remain postured and prepared to hold Iran accountable for unwarranted aggression toward civilian mariners seeking to freely and openly transit the strait,” the command said.

Iranian state media reported that explosions were heard in Fars, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman and Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. However, traffic through the strait has slowed to a crawl during the latest violence. Lloyd's List Intelligence said only three ships transited the strait on Sunday.

The British military’s United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations center said a tanker came under attack early Tuesday in the strait off Oman, forcing the crew to abandon the vessel. Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard claimed the attack, as well as two other attacks on ships Monday in the waterway.

The route around Oman has been the one the U.S. military has encouraged ships to travel to avoid Iran’s control. The UKMTO separately reported Tuesday that another previously unknown attack on a ship took place early the previous day. Tehran also hit U.

S.-allied countries throughout the Middle East. Jordan military's said Tuesday that Iran targeted it with five drones and three missiles, all of which were shot down. Bahrain sounded its missile alert sirens Tuesday afternoon as another Iranian barrage targeted the island kingdom, which is home to the U.

S. Navy's 5th Fleet. Nearly 100 US injuries since early July The Pentagon’s chief spokesperson said nearly 100 U.S. service members have been injured since the U.S. restarted strikes on July 7, and 96% of them have returned to duty.

“The vast majority of injuries experienced were minor concussions,” Sean Parnell posted Monday on X in response to a New York Times report that the Pentagon has withheld information about troop injuries from Iranian strikes. He denied that the Pentagon was hiding data about injuries.

However, the Defense Casualty Analysis System, the military’s clearinghouse for reporting deaths and injuries in conflict, has not been updated as of Monday night with the latest attacks. Yemen rebels threaten attacks on other Mideast waterway Yemen’s Houthi rebels announced a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia on Monday.

The Houthis, who are backed by Iran, said they would block shipping between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden by targeting the Bab el-Mandeb, a maritime chokepoint like the Strait of Hormuz, in response to an attack on Sanaa International Airport last week that they blamed on Saudi Arabia.

With the Strait of Hormuz blocked, Saudi Arabia has been relying on a pipeline to the Red Sea to get millions of barrels of oil out to market. The Houthis earlier demonstrated their ability to disrupt shipping there when they targeted ships for months over the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, with over 100 vessels attacked.

Saudi Arabia’s military said it would keep the waterway open. “All Houthi threats against transiting vessels will be dealt with swiftly and firmly, as such threats are a blatant violation of international law and fall under acts of maritime piracy,” said Maj.

Gen, Turki al-Malki, a Saudi military spokesman. A glimmer of hope for diplomacy Pakistan has intensified diplomatic efforts in recent days to resuscitate the interim deal. Iranian Interior Minister Eskandar Momeni arrived in Islamabad on Monday for two days of talks with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and others.

On Sunday, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio told reporters that the U.S. is still open to negotiating with Iran but that “it has to be real.” “If the door opens to diplomacy — if the guys that want to do something productive for Iran win and take control of that system, or take control of the negotiations — that’ll be a very positive development,” Rubio said.

“That’s not where we are tonight, unfortunately.” Iranian authorities on Sunday said at least 50 people have been killed and 517 wounded in the latest rounds of U.S. strikes. Since the war began on Feb. 28, 17 U.S. service members have been killed.

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US Secretary of War Pete Hegseth posted social media images showing damage to a maritime control tower at Iran’s Chabahar port following reported US military strikes, accompanied by the caption “Iran does not control the Strait of Hormuz.” India’s Ministry of External Affairs stated that the Shahid Beheshti terminal operated by India at the port sustained no damage.

The ministry reiterated its position that civilian infrastructure should not be targeted during conflicts.

Location: Iran
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The U.S. Central Command reported conducting strikes on Iranian military command centers, missile and drone sites, and air defense systems on Monday evening. Iran attacked a tanker in the Strait of Hormuz early Tuesday, and Houthi forces declared a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia.

Reports indicate that mediators have proposed a 10-day ceasefire, while Rystad Energy noted risks of higher oil prices.

Location: Iran
strikeUnverifiedIsraelIranProxy
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Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthis announced Monday they would impose a maritime blockade on Saudi Arabia, further throttling a global energy market already greatly restricted by Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This is why it matters and what it means for the Iran war and the global energy crisis.

It is not clear how the Houthis would carry out a maritime blockade of Saudi Arabia, its northern neighbor along the Red Sea coast, or whether it would include a return to attacks on shipping. Yemen sits on the Bab el-Mandeb strait – the southern gateway to the Red Sea – and closing that would open up a new front in the energy crisis and Iran's overarching conflict with the U.

S. With the Strait of Hormuz already disrupted, the Red Sea has become a critical alternative outlet for Gulf oil and other products. A serious disruption would mean both of the Middle East's major oil export routes are shut simultaneously. Iran's partial blockade of the Strait of Hormuz after Israel and the U.

S. attacked it on Feb. 28 disrupted most oil and other exports from the Gulf, raising prices and delivering a global energy shock. Saudi Arabia responded by diverting more than 70% of its normal daily crude exports to the Red Sea port of Yanbu. Ships from Yanbu bound for Europe go north through the Suez Canal.

Those heading to Asia go south through Bab el-Mandeb. Shipments from Yanbu averaged 4 million barrels per day in recent weeks according to data from Kpler and Signal Ocean, up from around 973,000 bpd a year earlier. Total petroleum volumes transiting Bab el-Mandeb amounted to 7.

4 million bpd in June, or about 7% of global oil output, according to Kpler data, up from 4.2 million bpd last year. That has provided a lifeline for the energy market, helping to keep down global oil prices. Saudi Arabia is considering an expansion of its crude oil pipeline to the Red Sea coast, Reuters reported last week.

When the Houthis launched attacks on Red Sea shipping in November 2023, Gulf oil exports were flowing freely. The Houthis have been in a civil war against the Saudi-backed, internationally recognized government for more than a decade and have attacked Gulf neighbors with missiles and drones.

However, a 2022 truce between the country's warring sides largely held until last week, when Yemen's internationally recognized government said it had struck Sanaa airport to stop an Iranian plane landing. The Houthis said Saudi Arabia was responsible and, in response, fired missiles at Abha airport in the kingdom's mountainous southwest.

A senior Houthi official, politburo member Mohammad al-Farah, then warned in an interview on Iran's Press TV website that if the situation kept escalating, Bab el-Mandeb would be closed. The U.S. says Iran has armed, funded and trained the Houthis with help from Hezbollah.

The Houthis deny being an Iranian proxy and say they develop their own weapons. It is not clear how far the group's stance on Bab el-Mandeb and the Red Sea stems from its own strategic priorities or is being made on Iran's behalf. After Israel's genocidal campaign in Gaza, the Houthis began firing at Israel and on shipping in the Red Sea, saying they were doing so in support of Palestinians.

The attacks severely disrupted global shipping, prompting Maersk, Hapag-Lloyd and other major companies to divert around Africa – a far longer, more expensive route. Red Sea traffic has not recovered since, with traffic through the Suez Canal down 52% in 2025 versus 2023 levels and at its lowest in at least 50 years, Suez Canal Authority data shows.

A U.S.-led mission to restore free navigation in the Red Sea involved repeated strikes on Houthi targets and a campaign that shot down hundreds of drones and missiles. But some Houthi attacks continued until last summer, only ending completely with the Gaza cease-fire in October.

Last month, the Houthis said they would ban ships linked to Israel from the Red Sea after Israel renewed military attacks on Iran. However, that threat was never acted on and shipping groups Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd are resuming some Red Sea routes that they had abandoned during the Houthi attacks last year, Maersk said this month.

While Hezbollah and the Iraqi groups joined the war early with rocket and drone fire after the first U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran, the Houthis had been comparatively quiet. The group's leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi said on March 5: "Our fingers are on the trigger at any moment should developments warrant it.

" Iranian commanders have repeatedly warned that the Houthis could join the war. The Houthis launched a few missile and drone attacks on Israel in late March and early April. Revolutionary Guards Quds Force commander Esmaeil Qaani said on June 1 they could choke off the Red Sea.

That may now have changed with their announcement of the blockade on Monday against Saudi Arabia in retaliation for what they called the kingdom's siege of its ports and airports, including last week's strike.