ردیاب بحران ایران-خلیج فارس ۲۰۲۶
CC
Events Archive
strikeMay 12, 2026

The significance of UAE, Saudi Arabia offensive attacks in Iran war

Summary

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia reportedly carried out individual, covert, offensive military strikes against Iran, according to The Wall Street Journal and Reuters, marking the first known offensive actions by Gulf states against Tehran since the U.S. and Israel launched strikes triggering the Iran war in late February. The UAE targeted an Iranian oil refinery on Lavan Island in the Persian Gulf in early April in a secret operation not publicly acknowledged by the country, the Journal reported on Monday citing anonymous sources familiar with the matter, while Reuters, also citing anonymous sources, said the Saudi Air Force hit Iran in late March. If confirmed, the strikes would signal a hardening of the UAE and Saudi Arabia's position toward Iran, analysts told Newsweek, potentially increasing the risk of larger-scale retaliation from Tehran and broader instability across the Gulf. Newsweek has reached out to UAE and Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs for confirmation and comment via email on Tuesday. Significance of the UAE’s Reported Involvement Reports that the UAE offensively struck Iran are a “big deal” because they represent the “operationalization” of the UAE’s decision to align with the U.S. and Israel, Bilal Saab, senior managing director of TRENDS US, and a Pentagon senior adviser in the first Trump administration, told Newsweek on Tuesday. There is “no friendly return on something like this,” Saab said, noting the risky move could “backfire” because if the war resumes, any Iranian retaliation against the UAE would likely be much larger. The ceasefire is currently in place but remains in a tenuous spot, with U.S. President Donald Trump describing it as "on life support." Saab also said the move aligns with the UAE’s “fiercely independent” foreign policy, though he added it is still surprising that Abu Dhabi would follow through on military action rather than speak or signal about it. He added that the reported action could further strengthen the White House's view of the UAE as a reliable regional partner. Alex Gray, nonresident senior fellow with the GeoStrategy Initiative at the Atlantic Council, echoed that sentiment, telling Newsweek "the current forward leaning posture of the Emirates" shows Washington the country is "capable and strategically aligned. "However, he differed in his assessment of the UAE's foreign policy, saying, "It also marks a sea change from just a few years ago, when Abu Dhabi so doubted American commitment that it explored a closer relationship with China." The Iran war and persistent drone and missile attacks by Tehran have pushed the UAE even closer to Israel and the U.S., particularly for military infrastructure, according to an analysis published by the London-based Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) think tank last week. Iran's aerial bombardment of American allies across the Middle East has disproportionately targeted the UAE, with officials in the Gulf state reporting its air defenses have intercepted more than 2,260 drones and 580 missiles launched by Iran. Iranian forces launched more than 2,800 missiles and drones at UAE territory, according to the Journal—more than at any other country. Tehran continued targeting the country despite the brittle ceasefire announced by the U.S. in April, which came into effect as flames ripped through the Lavan Island refinery. Center for Strategic and International Studies Middle East Program Director Mona Yacoubian told Newsweek it is notable that the Emirati government has not confirmed the reports, suggesting the silence or leaked report may be intended to signal to Tehran the country’s “more aggressive posture” and highlights the “sensitivity” of the matter. She added “it’s about setting a red line and trying to enforce that line.” In addition to what the reported offensive attacks signal to Tehran, it also “underscores the fragmentation and the differing response among Gulf countries,” whom she noted have also been attacked by Iran but none, other than recent reports of Saudi Arabia, have publicly acted offensively. Iran has hit all six of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, including attacks on U.S. military bases, as well as civilian infrastructure such as airports and oil sites. The UAE previously broke with several Arab states over ties with Israel when it normalized diplomatic relations with the country in 2020 under the U.S.-brokered Abraham Accords. Bahrain also established relations with Israel through the accords during Trump’s first term. UAE presidential adviser Anwar Gargash told the Council on Foreign Relations in March that “Iran’s full-throttle attack on the Gulf states will actually strengthen the Israeli role in the Gulf, will not diminish it." He went on to explain the country's perception of Israel and Iran, saying, "So it’ll be counterproductive here because a lot of us in the Gulf today don’t see the missiles coming from Israel; we see the missiles coming from Iran." In recent years, the UAE has increasingly aligned itself strategically with the U.S. and Israel, particularly on regional security and concerns about Iran. The country has also diverged from neighboring Saudi Arabia on oil policy and regional priorities, withdrawing from OPEC, a group of the world’s leading oil exporters. The UAE’s departure from OPEC earlier this month highlights its long-running tensions with Saudi Arabia over the group's oil production and geopolitical strategy. Riyadh has backed curbs on oil production from the group to prop up the oil market, while the UAE is said to have become frustrated with the limits and is looking to pump more oil to fund its plans for a low-carbon future. Significance of Saudi Arabia’s Reported Involvement “A Saudi decision to strike Iran, if verified, underscores the acuteness of threat perceived from Iran by Saudi Arabia and a need to respond offensively to deter future Iranian strikes,” Yacoubian told Newsweek. Saudi Arabia has not confirmed the strikes. Saudi's involvement further emphasizes the widening of the conflict, which already spilled in Lebanon where Israel has launched an offensive against Hezbollah. Iran and Saudi Arabia have long been regional rivals, competing for influence across the Middle East. Saudi Arabia has for years backed forces fighting Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthi rebels, while the two countries have also clashed over broader geopolitical and religious tensions. Iran was reportedly informed of the strikes and then engaged in diplomatic negotiations, ultimately leading to de-escalation, the sources told Reuters. Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) has maintained close ties with the U.S. and developed a strong relationship with Trump, his administration, and his son-in-law Jared Kushner during Trump’s first term in office. Reports indicated that MBS was supportive of the U.S. continuing and intensifying its military operations in Iran, calling it a “historic opportunity” to reshape the region, per The New York Times. A senior Saudi foreign ministry official told Reuters, "We reaffirm Saudi Arabia's consistent position advocating de-escalation, self-restraint and the reduction of tensions in pursuit of the stability, security and prosperity of the region and its people." Gregory Brew, Eurasia Group senior Iran analyst, said it’s significant that neither the Saudis nor the Iranians publicized the attacks, writing on X, “Not sure which is more interesting, that Saudi repeatedly struck Iran in response to Iran's attacks, or that they did so without attribution (reciprocated by Iran).” UAE’s Military Capabilities The Emirati military is widely considered the best-equipped armed forces of all the Gulf states, brimming with U.S.-made equipment like sophisticated air defenses designed to take out fast-traveling missiles. The U.S. has named the UAE a U.S. Major Defense Partner, a term America uses for non-NATO countries still considered allies and important for defense. It has just under 80 operational F-16 fighter jets, made by U.S. defense giant Lockheed Martin, and fires U.S.-manufactured Sidewinder missiles intended to take out other aircraft midflight. Since 2021, Israel has exported several billion dollars in arms to the UAE. Most recently, Israel sent the UAE its Iron Dome air-defense weapons amid the Iran war, U.S. ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee publicly stated. In addition, Israel sent anti-missile batteries and personnel to the UAE. Saab told Newsweek that the UAE “actually has the capability” to carry out offensive operations, describing the country as having the region’s strongest military capacity after Israel. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies 2026 Military Balance assessment, the UAE has about 63,000 active-duty military personnel, including roughly 44,000 serving in the army.

Actors involved

USIsraelIranProxyChina

Sources

  • Mandy Taheri; Ellie CookBy Mandy Taheri; Ellie Cook

    The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia reportedly carried out individual, covert, offensive military strikes against Iran, according to The Wall Street Journal and Reuters, marking the first known offensive actions by Gulf states against Tehran since the U.S. and Israel

See this event through different lenses

Compare how Western, Iranian, Israeli, Global South, and Pro-Peace perspectives frame this event.

Compare Perspectives

Community Notes

Community Notes

Loading notes...

Related events

strikeUnverifiedUSIranProxy
1 source

PARIS: The head of the International Energy Agency said on Tuesday (Jul 21) that renewed fighting in the Mideast increases concerns over energy supplies but that the market still has cushions to absorb the impact. "The escalation in hostilities affecting the Strait of Hormuz and energy infrastructure in the region increases security of supply concerns and uncertainty over the market outlook," IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said in a statement.

"For the moment, crude oil markets continue to benefit from several cushioning factors," he added, pointing to increased exports from several countries and Saudi and United Arab Emirates oil reaching markets by alternative routes. However, Saudi Arabia's main alternative route of using a pipeline to load tankers in the Red Sea port of Yanbu is under threat as Iran's Yemeni allies, the Houthis, declared they would blockade Saudi Arabia's ports.

Oil markets have for months feared that the Houthis would return to attacking shipping in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden - as they did during the Gaza war - cutting off yet more crude from global markets. The initial market reaction to the announcement by the Houthis was restrained, however, as Iran indicated that mediation efforts were still underway, calming investor jitters.

"Threats to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which has become increasingly important as a route to bypass the Strait of Hormuz, exacerbate these concerns further," said Birol, referring to the narrow passage between the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The IEA, in addition to advising its industrialised nation members, also helps them coordinate the release of their strategic oil reserves in reaction to market disruptions.

Birol noted that ongoing government releases from these reserves have provided considerable relief to markets, and that nations continue to hold ample reserves. However, he warned "there is no room for complacency on oil security" and pointed to a drawdown of available commercial inventories, with low refining activity contributing to a tighter supplies of refined oil products like petrol and diesel than for crude oil.

Birol noted that additional supplies of liquefied natural gas from the United States and Canada have offset about 70 per cent of lost supply via the Strait of Hormuz. However, further delays in resuming Gulf exports "will be felt by all LNG importers, including Europe as it looks to refill its gas storage for next winter", he warned.

strikeUnverifiedUSIsraelIranProxyEURussiaChina
1 source

US stock futures rose, with Nasdaq futures gaining 1.4% and S&P futures up 0.5% as of 7:20 a.m. ET, led by semiconductor stocks after gains in Japan and South Korea. A report indicated TSMC plans price increases, while overnight events included a Houthi-imposed blockade on Saudi Arabia amid tensions involving Iran.

Trading showed higher commodity prices, a steeper yield curve, and a flat dollar, with upcoming data releases including the ADP weekly employment change and Philadelphia Fed non-manufacturing index.

Location: Arak
strikeUnverifiedUSIranProxy
1 source

Reports indicate ongoing US-Iran tensions into a tenth day, including a tanker strike in the Strait of Hormuz and Houthi threats to Red Sea shipping. US Central Command conducted strikes on Iranian command, missile, and air defense sites, while Reuters reported mediator proposals for a 10-day ceasefire and statements from both sides outlining conditions for halting attacks.

Bloomberg data showed Hormuz transits reduced to six vessels as of Tuesday morning.

Location: Red Sea
strikeUnverifiedUSIsraelIranProxy
1 source

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Iran attacked a tanker in the Strait of Hormuz early Tuesday, forcing its crew to abandon the ship, while the United States conducted yet another round of airstrikes targeting the Islamic Republic as they struggle over control of the key waterway.

The 10 consecutive nights of U.S. airstrikes haven’t compelled Tehran to loosen its grip on the strait, through which about a fifth of all crude oil and natural gas traded once passed in peacetime. Even as the U.S. and Iran inch closer to all-out war again, Iran’s interior minister traveled to Pakistan, a key mediator in the conflict, for talks.

However, it remains unclear just what new deal could be reached to end the fighting. The interim deal signed last month that was meant to end the fighting has crumbled. Shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has largely stalled. And as fighting intensifies, both sides have targeted civilian infrastructure relied on by millions of people.

“Iran and groups supportive of Iran may target other U.S. interests overseas or at locations associated with the United States and Americans throughout the world,” the U.S. State Department said in a new warning to Americans. The escalation has pushed oil prices higher in recent weeks.

Benchmark Brent crude traded Tuesday above $88 a barrel and regular gasoline in the U.S. climbed to an average of $4 a gallon, keeping pressure on Americans’ wallets ahead of midterm elections this fall. Meanwhile, the U.S. military identified two soldiers who were killed in Jordan in attacks that left a third person missing.

Separately, the military confirmed another death in Iraq on Saturday during the “controlled detonation” of a downed Iranian drone. President Donald Trump took to social media on Monday to warn that “Every time Iran kills an American Soldier they will pay for that killing many times over!

” Trump was planning to attend a ceremony on Tuesday evening at Dover Air Force Base, where at least one service member’s remains were due to arrive. US strikes come as ships attacked The U.S. military’s Central Command said Tuesday it targeted “Iranian military command centers, maritime capabilities, missile and drone launch sites and air defense systems.

” It released more footage of bombings that targeted sites in Iran. “American forces remain postured and prepared to hold Iran accountable for unwarranted aggression toward civilian mariners seeking to freely and openly transit the strait,” the command said.

Iranian state media reported that explosions were heard in Fars, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman and Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. However, traffic through the strait has slowed to a crawl during the latest violence. Lloyd's List Intelligence said only three ships transited the strait on Sunday.

The British military’s United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations center said a tanker came under attack early Tuesday in the strait off Oman, forcing the crew to abandon the vessel. Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard claimed the attack, as well as two other attacks on ships Monday in the waterway.

The route around Oman has been the one the U.S. military has encouraged ships to travel to avoid Iran’s control. The UKMTO separately reported Tuesday that another previously unknown attack on a ship took place early the previous day. Tehran also hit U.

S.-allied countries throughout the Middle East. Jordan military's said Tuesday that Iran targeted it with five drones and three missiles, all of which were shot down. Bahrain sounded its missile alert sirens Tuesday afternoon as another Iranian barrage targeted the island kingdom, which is home to the U.

S. Navy's 5th Fleet. Nearly 100 US injuries since early July The Pentagon’s chief spokesperson said nearly 100 U.S. service members have been injured since the U.S. restarted strikes on July 7, and 96% of them have returned to duty.

“The vast majority of injuries experienced were minor concussions,” Sean Parnell posted Monday on X in response to a New York Times report that the Pentagon has withheld information about troop injuries from Iranian strikes. He denied that the Pentagon was hiding data about injuries.

However, the Defense Casualty Analysis System, the military’s clearinghouse for reporting deaths and injuries in conflict, has not been updated as of Monday night with the latest attacks. Yemen rebels threaten attacks on other Mideast waterway Yemen’s Houthi rebels announced a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia on Monday.

The Houthis, who are backed by Iran, said they would block shipping between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden by targeting the Bab el-Mandeb, a maritime chokepoint like the Strait of Hormuz, in response to an attack on Sanaa International Airport last week that they blamed on Saudi Arabia.

With the Strait of Hormuz blocked, Saudi Arabia has been relying on a pipeline to the Red Sea to get millions of barrels of oil out to market. The Houthis earlier demonstrated their ability to disrupt shipping there when they targeted ships for months over the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, with over 100 vessels attacked.

Saudi Arabia’s military said it would keep the waterway open. “All Houthi threats against transiting vessels will be dealt with swiftly and firmly, as such threats are a blatant violation of international law and fall under acts of maritime piracy,” said Maj.

Gen, Turki al-Malki, a Saudi military spokesman. A glimmer of hope for diplomacy Pakistan has intensified diplomatic efforts in recent days to resuscitate the interim deal. Iranian Interior Minister Eskandar Momeni arrived in Islamabad on Monday for two days of talks with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and others.

On Sunday, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio told reporters that the U.S. is still open to negotiating with Iran but that “it has to be real.” “If the door opens to diplomacy — if the guys that want to do something productive for Iran win and take control of that system, or take control of the negotiations — that’ll be a very positive development,” Rubio said.

“That’s not where we are tonight, unfortunately.” Iranian authorities on Sunday said at least 50 people have been killed and 517 wounded in the latest rounds of U.S. strikes. Since the war began on Feb. 28, 17 U.S. service members have been killed.