Summary

That long-running cyber confrontation has included attacks on banks, infrastructure and government systems, shaping a quieter but persistent front in the broader geopolitical rivalry. From disruption to sustained cyber campaignsOne of the earliest major episodes was Operation Ababil, where Iran-linked hackers launched coordinated DDoS attacks targeting major US financial institutions, disrupting online banking services for millions. This was followed by Operation Cleaver, a campaign that expanded beyond banks to probe vulnerabilities in energy, aviation and transportation networks. These operations marked a shift from disruption to large-scale reconnaissance and strategic positioning inside critical systems. Cyber activity linked to recent developmentsFormer CIA Director John Brennan has warned that Iran’s cyber capabilities are “very, very sophisticated” and capable of causing widespread disruption, said in an interview to MS NOW. In a recent development, a pro-Iranian hacking group claimed responsibility for infiltrating an account of FBI Director Kash Patel. The group posted what appeared to be years-old photographs, a resume and other personal documents. Many of the records were over a decade old, Reuters reported, noting that such attacks are often designed to create psychological impact rather than cause operational damage. Why this invisible war mattersCyber operations have often intensified during periods of geopolitical tension. Unlike conventional warfare, these attacks are relatively low-cost, deniable and continuous. While Iran does not match the scale of major cyber powers, its focus on targeted disruption and asymmetric tactics makes it effective. Over time, Tehran has invested in training, malware development and coordinated operations, building capabilities designed for precision disruption rather than dominance. A parallel battlefield shaping the conflictEven as military tensions dominate headlines, this parallel digital battlefield continues to evolve quietly, shaping the broader conflict in ways that are less visible but equally significant. (You can now subscribe to our Economic Times WhatsApp channel) (You can now subscribe to our Economic Times WhatsApp channel)