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strikeMay 12, 2026

Why Japanese snacks are turning black and white: The 2026 ‘Ink-flation’ crisis explained

Summary

Japan’s largest snackmaker, Calbee, is temporarily replacing its brightly coloured packaging with black-and-white designs after supply disruptions linked to the US-Iran conflict, which has led to shortages of key ink ingredients, The Guardian reported. Known for its vividly packaged potato chips and snacks, the company said 14 of its products will shift to monochrome packaging by the end of May. The move comes as supplies of naphtha, a petroleum-derived raw material used in printing ink, have become unstable following the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital shipping route for global oil supplies. Calbee also mentioned that the decision was prompted by the uncertainty in the supply of “certain raw materials” due to the war, as reported by The Guardian. Manufacturers in Japan impacted Japan depends heavily on the Middle East for energy imports, with around 40 per cent of the country’s naphtha consumption sourced from the region. The disruption has prompted concerns among manufacturers that rely on petroleum-based materials for packaging, plastics, and chemicals. A staff member adds stock of Calbee potato chips to a shelf at a confectionery speciality store in Tokyo, Japan. (REUTERS) The development has drawn significant attention in Japan, where companies are already grappling with rising input costs and supply chain uncertainties. Earlier this year, a temporary halt in production of another popular crisps brand due to difficulties in procuring heavy oil had triggered a brief consumer panic. ‘Adequate supplies of naptha ink ingredient secured’ Responding to concerns, senior government spokesperson Kei Sato said Japan has sufficient reserves and is diversifying import routes to maintain supplies. “Adequate supplies of the naptha ink ingredient have been secured for important functions in Japan. We are working with major corporations to ensure naptha is imported by routes other than through the Strait of Hormuz,” Sato said in remarks broadcast as an emergency bulletin by some television networks. Story continues below this ad “We have not received any reports of immediate supply disruption for printing ink or naphtha and recognise that Japan as a whole has secured the quantities required”, he added, as mentioned in The Guardian. Founded in Hiroshima in 1949, as the city was rebuilding after the atomic bombing, Calbee has grown into one of the world’s leading snack manufacturers, with products sold across Asia, Europe, and the United States. The company acquired the UK-based Seabrook Crisps in 2018. Calbee reported sales of 322.5 billion yen (about $2.04 billion) in 2025. Its shares fell more than 1 per cent following the announcement, even as Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 closed higher overall. (Written by Utkarshini Gupta, an intern at The Indian Express) The Express Global Desk at indianexpress.com which delivers authoritative, verified, and context-driven coverage of key international developments shaping global politics, policy, and migration trends. The desk focuses on stories with direct relevance for Indian and global audiences, combining breaking news with in-depth explainers and analysis. A major focus area of the desk is US immigration and visa policy, including developments related to student visas, work permits, permanent residency pathways, executive actions, and court rulings. The Global Desk also closely tracks Canada’s immigration, visa, and study policies, covering changes to study permits, post-study work options, permanent residence programmes, and regulatory updates affecting migrants and international students. All reporting from the Global Desk adheres to The Indian Express’ editorial standards, relying on official data, government notifications, court documents, and on-record sources. The desk prioritises clarity, accuracy, and accountability, ensuring readers can navigate complex global systems with confidence. Core Team The Express Global Desk is led by a team of experienced journalists and editors with deep expertise in international affairs and migration policy: Aniruddha Dhar – Senior Assistant Editor with extensive experience in global affairs, international politics, and editorial leadership. Nischai Vats – Deputy Copy Editor specialising in US politics, US visa and immigration policy, and policy-driven international coverage. Mashkoora Khan – Sub-editor focusing on global developments, with a strong emphasis on Canada visa, immigration, and study-related policy coverage. ... Read More

Perspectives

Iranian Official

The US-led aggression and sanctions against Iran have forced the Islamic Republic to assert its sovereignty by securing the Strait of Hormuz against foreign threats, resulting in disruptions to naphtha supplies that now affect Japanese manufacturers like Calbee. This defensive resistance to external interference highlights how Western hostilities create global supply chain instability, compelling companies to adopt monochrome packaging amid shortages of key materials. Iran remains steadfast in protecting its territorial rights and regional resources from such provocations.

Israeli

Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, executed through its proxy networks and direct aggression amid escalating tensions with the US, has triggered critical shortages of naphtha for Japanese manufacturers like Calbee, exposing Tehran's strategy of weaponizing global energy chokepoints. This disruption underscores the existential threat posed by Iran's expanding axis of proxies, which seeks to strangle supply lines vital to allies and economies worldwide. Israel's defensive operations remain essential to deter and degrade these capabilities before they further destabilize international commerce and security.

Neutral

Calbee, Japan’s largest snack manufacturer, will shift 14 products to black-and-white packaging by the end of May, according to a report by The Guardian. The company cited unstable supplies of naphtha, a petroleum-derived material used in printing ink, amid reported disruptions linked to the Strait of Hormuz. Japan obtains roughly 40 percent of its naphtha from the Middle East, prompting concerns among manufacturers dependent on petroleum-based inputs.

Western

Japan’s Calbee has shifted 14 snack products to monochrome packaging by May’s end after Iranian forces blockaded the Strait of Hormuz, disrupting naphtha supplies critical for printing inks. The move highlights the direct effects of Tehran’s threat to a key maritime chokepoint on allied supply chains. Western and partner nations continue precision efforts to neutralize such disruptions and secure stable energy and trade flows.

Pro-Peace

The US-Iran conflict’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has disrupted naphtha supplies, forcing Japan’s Calbee to strip color from its snack packaging and exposing how military escalation burdens civilians far from the battlefield with higher costs and everyday shortages. Japanese manufacturers, dependent on Middle Eastern energy imports, now face added instability that compounds economic strain on ordinary consumers. Diplomatic engagement to reopen safe passage and de-escalate tensions remains the clearest route to sparing populations these indirect humanitarian costs.

Global South

The US-Iran standoff has triggered Hormuz disruptions that slashed naphtha flows, compelling Japan’s Calbee to strip color from its packaging as imported ink ingredients vanish. Such choke-point coercion reveals how Washington’s regional power plays erode the sovereign right of non-aligned and Global South economies to stable energy and trade routes long subordinated to external agendas. Weak multilateral safeguards have left manufacturers hostage to imported volatility rather than diversified, self-determined supply lines.

Actors involved

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  • Express Global DeskBy Express Global Desk

    Japan’s largest snackmaker, Calbee, is temporarily replacing its brightly coloured packaging with black-and-white designs after supply disruptions linked to the US-Iran conflict, which has led to shortages of key ink ingredients, The Guardian reported. Known for its vividly packa

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DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Iran attacked a tanker in the Strait of Hormuz early Tuesday, forcing its crew to abandon the ship, while the United States conducted yet another round of airstrikes targeting the Islamic Republic as they struggle over control of the key waterway.

The 10 consecutive nights of U.S. airstrikes haven’t compelled Tehran to loosen its grip on the strait, through which about a fifth of all crude oil and natural gas traded once passed in peacetime. Even as the U.S. and Iran inch closer to all-out war again, Iran’s interior minister traveled to Pakistan, a key mediator in the conflict, for talks.

However, it remains unclear just what new deal could be reached to end the fighting. The interim deal signed last month that was meant to end the fighting has crumbled. Shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has largely stalled. And as fighting intensifies, both sides have targeted civilian infrastructure relied on by millions of people.

“Iran and groups supportive of Iran may target other U.S. interests overseas or at locations associated with the United States and Americans throughout the world,” the U.S. State Department said in a new warning to Americans. The escalation has pushed oil prices higher in recent weeks.

Benchmark Brent crude traded Tuesday above $88 a barrel and regular gasoline in the U.S. climbed to an average of $4 a gallon, keeping pressure on Americans’ wallets ahead of midterm elections this fall. Meanwhile, the U.S. military identified two soldiers who were killed in Jordan in attacks that left a third person missing.

Separately, the military confirmed another death in Iraq on Saturday during the “controlled detonation” of a downed Iranian drone. President Donald Trump took to social media on Monday to warn that “Every time Iran kills an American Soldier they will pay for that killing many times over!

” Trump was planning to attend a ceremony on Tuesday evening at Dover Air Force Base, where at least one service member’s remains were due to arrive. US strikes come as ships attacked The U.S. military’s Central Command said Tuesday it targeted “Iranian military command centers, maritime capabilities, missile and drone launch sites and air defense systems.

” It released more footage of bombings that targeted sites in Iran. “American forces remain postured and prepared to hold Iran accountable for unwarranted aggression toward civilian mariners seeking to freely and openly transit the strait,” the command said.

Iranian state media reported that explosions were heard in Fars, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman and Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. However, traffic through the strait has slowed to a crawl during the latest violence. Lloyd's List Intelligence said only three ships transited the strait on Sunday.

The British military’s United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations center said a tanker came under attack early Tuesday in the strait off Oman, forcing the crew to abandon the vessel. Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard claimed the attack, as well as two other attacks on ships Monday in the waterway.

The route around Oman has been the one the U.S. military has encouraged ships to travel to avoid Iran’s control. The UKMTO separately reported Tuesday that another previously unknown attack on a ship took place early the previous day. Tehran also hit U.

S.-allied countries throughout the Middle East. Jordan military's said Tuesday that Iran targeted it with five drones and three missiles, all of which were shot down. Bahrain sounded its missile alert sirens Tuesday afternoon as another Iranian barrage targeted the island kingdom, which is home to the U.

S. Navy's 5th Fleet. Nearly 100 US injuries since early July The Pentagon’s chief spokesperson said nearly 100 U.S. service members have been injured since the U.S. restarted strikes on July 7, and 96% of them have returned to duty.

“The vast majority of injuries experienced were minor concussions,” Sean Parnell posted Monday on X in response to a New York Times report that the Pentagon has withheld information about troop injuries from Iranian strikes. He denied that the Pentagon was hiding data about injuries.

However, the Defense Casualty Analysis System, the military’s clearinghouse for reporting deaths and injuries in conflict, has not been updated as of Monday night with the latest attacks. Yemen rebels threaten attacks on other Mideast waterway Yemen’s Houthi rebels announced a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia on Monday.

The Houthis, who are backed by Iran, said they would block shipping between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden by targeting the Bab el-Mandeb, a maritime chokepoint like the Strait of Hormuz, in response to an attack on Sanaa International Airport last week that they blamed on Saudi Arabia.

With the Strait of Hormuz blocked, Saudi Arabia has been relying on a pipeline to the Red Sea to get millions of barrels of oil out to market. The Houthis earlier demonstrated their ability to disrupt shipping there when they targeted ships for months over the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, with over 100 vessels attacked.

Saudi Arabia’s military said it would keep the waterway open. “All Houthi threats against transiting vessels will be dealt with swiftly and firmly, as such threats are a blatant violation of international law and fall under acts of maritime piracy,” said Maj.

Gen, Turki al-Malki, a Saudi military spokesman. A glimmer of hope for diplomacy Pakistan has intensified diplomatic efforts in recent days to resuscitate the interim deal. Iranian Interior Minister Eskandar Momeni arrived in Islamabad on Monday for two days of talks with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and others.

On Sunday, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio told reporters that the U.S. is still open to negotiating with Iran but that “it has to be real.” “If the door opens to diplomacy — if the guys that want to do something productive for Iran win and take control of that system, or take control of the negotiations — that’ll be a very positive development,” Rubio said.

“That’s not where we are tonight, unfortunately.” Iranian authorities on Sunday said at least 50 people have been killed and 517 wounded in the latest rounds of U.S. strikes. Since the war began on Feb. 28, 17 U.S. service members have been killed.

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US Secretary of War Pete Hegseth posted social media images showing damage to a maritime control tower at Iran’s Chabahar port following reported US military strikes, accompanied by the caption “Iran does not control the Strait of Hormuz.” India’s Ministry of External Affairs stated that the Shahid Beheshti terminal operated by India at the port sustained no damage.

The ministry reiterated its position that civilian infrastructure should not be targeted during conflicts.

Location: Iran
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The U.S. Central Command reported conducting strikes on Iranian military command centers, missile and drone sites, and air defense systems on Monday evening. Iran attacked a tanker in the Strait of Hormuz early Tuesday, and Houthi forces declared a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia.

Reports indicate that mediators have proposed a 10-day ceasefire, while Rystad Energy noted risks of higher oil prices.

Location: Iran
strikeUnverifiedIsraelIranProxy
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Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthis announced Monday they would impose a maritime blockade on Saudi Arabia, further throttling a global energy market already greatly restricted by Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This is why it matters and what it means for the Iran war and the global energy crisis.

It is not clear how the Houthis would carry out a maritime blockade of Saudi Arabia, its northern neighbor along the Red Sea coast, or whether it would include a return to attacks on shipping. Yemen sits on the Bab el-Mandeb strait – the southern gateway to the Red Sea – and closing that would open up a new front in the energy crisis and Iran's overarching conflict with the U.

S. With the Strait of Hormuz already disrupted, the Red Sea has become a critical alternative outlet for Gulf oil and other products. A serious disruption would mean both of the Middle East's major oil export routes are shut simultaneously. Iran's partial blockade of the Strait of Hormuz after Israel and the U.

S. attacked it on Feb. 28 disrupted most oil and other exports from the Gulf, raising prices and delivering a global energy shock. Saudi Arabia responded by diverting more than 70% of its normal daily crude exports to the Red Sea port of Yanbu. Ships from Yanbu bound for Europe go north through the Suez Canal.

Those heading to Asia go south through Bab el-Mandeb. Shipments from Yanbu averaged 4 million barrels per day in recent weeks according to data from Kpler and Signal Ocean, up from around 973,000 bpd a year earlier. Total petroleum volumes transiting Bab el-Mandeb amounted to 7.

4 million bpd in June, or about 7% of global oil output, according to Kpler data, up from 4.2 million bpd last year. That has provided a lifeline for the energy market, helping to keep down global oil prices. Saudi Arabia is considering an expansion of its crude oil pipeline to the Red Sea coast, Reuters reported last week.

When the Houthis launched attacks on Red Sea shipping in November 2023, Gulf oil exports were flowing freely. The Houthis have been in a civil war against the Saudi-backed, internationally recognized government for more than a decade and have attacked Gulf neighbors with missiles and drones.

However, a 2022 truce between the country's warring sides largely held until last week, when Yemen's internationally recognized government said it had struck Sanaa airport to stop an Iranian plane landing. The Houthis said Saudi Arabia was responsible and, in response, fired missiles at Abha airport in the kingdom's mountainous southwest.

A senior Houthi official, politburo member Mohammad al-Farah, then warned in an interview on Iran's Press TV website that if the situation kept escalating, Bab el-Mandeb would be closed. The U.S. says Iran has armed, funded and trained the Houthis with help from Hezbollah.

The Houthis deny being an Iranian proxy and say they develop their own weapons. It is not clear how far the group's stance on Bab el-Mandeb and the Red Sea stems from its own strategic priorities or is being made on Iran's behalf. After Israel's genocidal campaign in Gaza, the Houthis began firing at Israel and on shipping in the Red Sea, saying they were doing so in support of Palestinians.

The attacks severely disrupted global shipping, prompting Maersk, Hapag-Lloyd and other major companies to divert around Africa – a far longer, more expensive route. Red Sea traffic has not recovered since, with traffic through the Suez Canal down 52% in 2025 versus 2023 levels and at its lowest in at least 50 years, Suez Canal Authority data shows.

A U.S.-led mission to restore free navigation in the Red Sea involved repeated strikes on Houthi targets and a campaign that shot down hundreds of drones and missiles. But some Houthi attacks continued until last summer, only ending completely with the Gaza cease-fire in October.

Last month, the Houthis said they would ban ships linked to Israel from the Red Sea after Israel renewed military attacks on Iran. However, that threat was never acted on and shipping groups Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd are resuming some Red Sea routes that they had abandoned during the Houthi attacks last year, Maersk said this month.

While Hezbollah and the Iraqi groups joined the war early with rocket and drone fire after the first U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran, the Houthis had been comparatively quiet. The group's leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi said on March 5: "Our fingers are on the trigger at any moment should developments warrant it.

" Iranian commanders have repeatedly warned that the Houthis could join the war. The Houthis launched a few missile and drone attacks on Israel in late March and early April. Revolutionary Guards Quds Force commander Esmaeil Qaani said on June 1 they could choke off the Red Sea.

That may now have changed with their announcement of the blockade on Monday against Saudi Arabia in retaliation for what they called the kingdom's siege of its ports and airports, including last week's strike.